LogIn to. Remove ads. South Carolina Colony. This page tells about the history of the South Carolina Colony. Likewise, the southern boundary was moved just south of present-day Daytona Beach, Florida, which had the effect of including the existing Spanish settlement at St. The charter also granted all the land between these northerly and southerly bounds from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the shores of the Pacific Ocean.
Although the Lost Colony on Roanoke Island was the first English attempt at settlement in the Carolina territory, the first permanent English settlement was not established until , when emigrants from the Virginia Colony with others from New England and Bermuda settled on the shores of Albemarle Sound in the northeastern corner of present-day North Carolina.
Another region, near present-day Charleston, South Carolina, was settled under the Lords Proprietors in The Charles Town settlement developed more rapidly than the Albemarle and Cape Fear settlements due to the advantages of a natural harbor, and it quickly developed trade with the West Indies. South Carolina was primarily settled by French Huguenot aristocrats, while North Carolina was settled by poor whites moving in from Virginia.
Some tribes, such as the Westos, were well armed, using more European weapons than their neighbors at the time. American Indians around Charleston obtained weapons from the Spaniards and from Virginia traders. Carolina, established relatively late, nevertheless soon established an American Indian slave trade that overshadowed other mainland colonies.
As in other areas of English settlement, native peoples in the Carolinas suffered tremendously from the introduction of European diseases. Despite the effects of disease, American Indians in the area endured and, following the pattern elsewhere in the colonies, grew dependent on European goods. Local Yamasee and Creek tribes built up a trade deficit with the English, trading deerskins and captive slaves for European guns.
English settlers exacerbated tensions with local American Indian tribes, especially the Yamasee, by expanding their rice and tobacco fields into American Indian lands. Worse still, English traders took American Indian women captive as payment for debts. The outrages committed by traders, combined with the seemingly unstoppable expansion of English settlement onto native land, led to the outbreak of the Yamasee War — , an effort by a coalition of local tribes to drive away the European invaders.
This native effort to force the newcomers back across the Atlantic nearly succeeded in annihilating the Carolina colonies. As the settlement around Charles Town grew, it began to produce livestock for export to the West Indies. In the northern part of Carolina, settlers turned sap from pine trees into turpentine used to waterproof wooden ships. The southern part of Carolina had been producing rice and indigo a plant that yields a dark blue dye used by English royalty since the s, and South Carolina continued to depend on these main crops.
The northern part of Carolina continued to produce items for ships, especially turpentine and tar, and its population increased as Virginians moved there to expand their tobacco holdings. Tobacco was the primary export of both Virginia and later North Carolina, which also traded in deerskins and slaves from Africa.
Slavery developed quickly in the Carolinas, largely because so many of the early migrants came from Barbados, where slavery was well established.
By the end of the s, a very wealthy class of rice planters who relied on slaves had attained dominance in the southern part of the Carolinas, especially around Charles Town. By , the southern part of Carolina had a black majority because of the number of slaves in the colony.
The legal basis for slavery was established in the early s as the Carolinas began to pass slave laws based on the Barbados slave codes of the late s. These laws reduced Africans to the status of property to be bought and sold as other commodities. The Lords Proprietors, operating under their royal charter, were able to exercise their authority with nearly the autonomy of the king himself. The actual government consisted of a governor, a powerful council of which half of the members were appointed by the Lords Proprietors themselves , and a relatively weak, popularly elected assembly.
The Charleston settlement was the principal seat of government for the entire province. However, due to their remoteness from each other, the northern and southern sections of the colony operated more or less independently until , when dissent over the governance of the province led to the appointment of a deputy governor to administer the northern half of Carolina. From that time until , the northern and southern settlements remained under one government.
The north continued to have its own assembly and council; the governor resided in Charleston and appointed a deputy governor for the north. During this period, the two halves of the province began increasingly to be known as North Carolina and South Carolina.
From to , due to disquiet over attempts to establish the Anglican Church in the province, the people were unable to agree on a slate of elected officials. Consequently, there was no recognized and legal government for more than two years.
This circumstance, coupled with hostilities with American Indian tribes and the inability of the Lords Proprietors to act decisively, led to separate governments for North and South Carolina. The division between the northern and southern governments became complete in , but both colonies remained in the hands of the same group of proprietors.
Another rebellion against the proprietors broke out in , which led to the appointment of a royal governor for South Carolina in After nearly a decade in which the British government sought to locate and buy out the proprietors, both North and South Carolina became royal colonies in when seven of the Lords Proprietors sold their interests in Carolina to the Crown.
The Province of Georgia was chartered as a proprietary colony in and was the last of the 13 original British colonies. The Province of Georgia, also called Georgia Colony, was one of the southern colonies in British America and the last of the 13 original colonies established by Great Britain. An earlier grant to three Montgomery brothers was forfeited when they failed to establish a permanent colony, largely as a result of disease in the marshy area they chose to develop.
In , Georgia officially ceased to be a trustee colony and became a crown colony. South Carolina had never been able to gain control of the area; however, American Indians had been forcefully pushed back from the Georgia coast after the Yamasee War, excepting a few villages of defeated Yamasee who became known as the Yamacraw to distinguish them from the Yamasee in Florida and among the Creek.
In practice, settlement in the colony was limited to the vicinity near the Savannah River. The western area of the colony remained under the control of the Creek Indian Confederation until after the American Revolutionary War. Savannah, Georgia colony, early s : An early drawing of Savannah, Georgia, from sometime in the early s. In , General James Oglethorpe, who was a British member of Parliament, established the Georgia Colony as a solution for two problems.
Additionally, Oglethorpe decided to establish a colony in the contested border region of Georgia and populate it with debtors who would otherwise have been imprisoned according to standard British practice. In August three ships left with the first settlers. Each family had paid Pounds for their part of the settlement.
They founded the settlement of Charlestown. Within two years there were men and 69 women in the settlement The proprietors of the settlement set up a system of government that was called "the Fundamental Constitution of the Carolinas". One of the authors of the Constitution was John Locke. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. Share Flipboard Email. Martin Kelly. History Expert. Martin Kelly, M. Featured Video. Cite this Article Format. Kelly, Martin. American History Timeline - - What Is Colonialism?
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