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In a Town Hall was built. The first in Luton newspaper began publication in The same year the first cemeteries were opened as the churchyards were becoming overcrowded. Like the rest of the country, Luton suffered an epidemic of cholera in However, conditions in Victorian Luton gradually improved.
In a Board of Health was formed and they set about building sewers. A water company was formed in and by the whole town had a piped water supply.
Meanwhile, the railway reached Luton in The covered market was built in as a plait hall where plait could be bought and sold. Then in Luton gained its first hospital when a cottage hospital was built. The same year the first swimming baths were built. Luton was made a borough in and Luton Chamber of Commerce was formed in Luton Town FC was formed in During the 20th century the hat-making industry, which had dominated Luton for so long went into decline but new industries came to Luton.
One of these was engineering. Vauxhall came to the town in Soon Luton became known for car manufacturing. In the early 20th-century gas cookers and meters were also made in Luton as well as ball bearings. A chemicals industry also began in Luton in the early 20th century. Even during the depression of the s Luton was a prosperous town and suffered less unemployment than many towns thanks to its new industries.
It had a population of about 50, in but by the s it had grown to over , Conditions in Luton improved in the 20th century. In trams began running in the streets but in the s they were superseded by buses. The last trams ran in Luton in However, in the Domesday book, Luton is mentioned as ' Loitone '. Farming became the first occupation for the natives of Luton.
But people were compelled to continue it for part time as there was a market town, filled with various huts, selling different items of necessity. In fact, the market town of Luton also attracted the surrounding villages. It was huge as villages and towns surround Luton only had a population of people. New and improved techniques, tools were utilized for agriculture. Six water mills were created. From to , several churches, a castle and manors were built for Lords and religious citizens.
Castle Street was named after the demolition of the castle built in and demolished in There were two hospitals in the 12 th century, one specifically built to shelter poor travellers and outsiders at Farley Hill , and the other was used for healing purposes and was devoted to the Virgin Mary and Mary Magdalene. An annual fair of Luton was also hosted every year in the Middle Ages. He was also granted the right to bear his own coat of arms and chose the mythical griffin as his heraldic emblem.
The griffin thus became associated with both Vauxhall and Luton in the early 13th century. By the town is recorded as "Leueton". The town had a market for surrounding villages in August each year, and with the growth of the town a second fair was granted each October from The agriculture base of the town changed in the 16th century with a brick-making industry developing around Luton; many of the older wooden houses were rebuilt in brick.
During the English Civil War of the 17th century, in , royalists entered the town and demanded money and goods. Parliamentary forces arrived and during the fighting four royalist soldiers were killed and a further twenty-two were captured.
A second skirmish occurred three years later in when a royalist army passed through Luton. A number of royalists were attacked by parliamentary soldiers at an inn on the corner of the current Bridge Street. Most of the royalists escaped but nine were killed. The hat making industry began in the 17th century and became synonymous with the town. By the 18th century the industry dominated the town. Hats are still produced in the town but on a much smaller scale.
Luton Hoo, a nearby large country house , was built in and substantially rebuilt after a fire in It is now a luxury hotel. The town grew strongly in the 19th century. In the population was 3, By it was over 10, and by it was almost 39, Such rapid growth demanded a railway connection but the town had to wait a long time for one. It was another ten years before the branch was extended to Bute Street Station, and the first train to Dunstable ran on 3 May The line was later extended to Welwyn and from direct trains to King's Cross ran.
Luton received a gas supply in Gas street lights were erected and the first town hall was opened in Following a cholera epidemic in Luton established a water company and had a complete water and sewerage system by the late s. Newspaper printing arrived in the town in The first public cemetery was opened in the same year.
The first covered market was built the Plait Halls — now demolished in Luton was made a borough in A professional football club — the first in the South of England — was founded in following a resolution at the town hall that a 'Luton Town Club be formed'. The crest also includes a hand holding a bunch of wheat, either taken as a symbol of the straw-plaiting industry, or from the arms of John Whethamsteade, Abbott of St Albans , who rebuilt the chancel of St Mary's Church in the 15th century.
In the 20th century, the hat trade severely declined and was replaced by other industries. It is now a private residence. Hucklesby went on to become Mayor of Luton. The main house in the park became Wardown Park Museum. The town had a tram system from until , and the first cinema was opened in By the population had reached 50, The original town hall was destroyed in during Peace Day celebrations at the end of the First World War. Local people, including many ex-servicemen, were unhappy with unemployment and had been refused the use of a local park to hold celebratory events.
They stormed the town hall, setting it alight see Luton Town Hall. A replacement building was completed in Luton Airport opened in , owned and operated by the council. The pre-war years, even at the turn of the s when a Great Depression saw unemployment reach record levels nationally, were something of an economic boom for Luton, as new industries grew and prospered.
New private and council housing was built in the s and s, with Luton growing as a town to incorporate nearby villages Leagrave, Limbury and Stopsley between and Despite heavy camouflage, the factory made Luton a target for the Luftwaffe and the town suffered a number of air raids.
Other industry in the town, such as SKF, which produced ball bearings , made a vital contribution to the war effort.
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